Fredrik Nikolai Andersson Wiborg: Forskjell mellom sideversjoner

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When on the 4th Sunday in Advent in 1785 Peder Jordhøy was appointed pastor by the provost, he appointed Frederik and his son Anders Johan Wiborg as joint sextons in Lesja (with Anders to serve as successor). Fredrik was often asked to serve as a guardian for minors, representing their interests at probates.<ref name=B/>
When on the 4th Sunday in Advent in 1785 Peder Jordhøy was appointed pastor by the provost, he appointed Frederik and his son Anders Johan Wiborg as joint sextons in Lesja (with Anders to serve as successor). Fredrik was often asked to serve as a guardian for minors, representing their interests at probates.<ref name=B/>
==Controversy==
Ivar Kleiven, in his book "Lesja & Dovre" criticized the Wiborg family as promoting law suits and community disputes.(Berg) Kleiven also indicates that Fredrik’s son, Anders, who become sexton after Fredric had a fondness for alcohol which did not sit well with the new Priest Pedar Alstrup Jordhøy.<ref name=W>Wiborg, Geir Steinar: WIBORG. En slektsgren med bakgrunn i det gamle norske bondesamfunnet; Gjøvik 1995</ref>
Kleiven based some of his comments on Jakob Olsen Sønstebø’s diary, which he quotes as including several stories critical of one of the Wiborg sextons (probably focused on Fredrik’s son, Andrew).  One quote goes, “When he and the sexton were in Folldal the Priest Pedar Alstrup Jordhøy kept a good pace so the sexton wouldn't have time to find something to drink before they moved on. They always took a rest at Synstbø before they took to the mountains, and at that farm the priest had forbidden the residents to let Wiborg have any strong drink to go. But the fox is not easy to shepherd, as they've said from old, every time those two were well in the sleigh or cariole and about to drive from the farm, the sexton had forgotten something in the house, his pipe, whip or mittens which he just had to go back for. And in the cabinet the bottle stood full so the woman could hurriedly pour a drink for the sexton.”<ref name=Kl>Kleiven, Ivar: Gamal bondekultur i Gudbrandsdalen: Lesja og Dovre. 1923 </ref><Ref name=W/>
In his article, Per Berg observes that people often have something to say about recent arrivals in the community and it usually is not favorable. Berg points out that Frederik Wiborg represented Madam Meyer who held the concession to provide music for wedding and other festivities in Northern Gudbrandsdal, and on her behalf was active in prosecuting musicians who played without paying her fee. However Berg indicates  there is no record of other types of cases; and suggests Kleiven must have been referring to Procurator Anders Wiborg, a relative, who brought many such suits in Lom.<ref name=B/>   


==Referansar==
==Referansar==

Sideversjonen fra 18. feb. 2014 kl. 01:02

Fredrik Nikolai Andersson Wiborg or Fredrik Nicolai Wiborg, was born about 1714 and died while serving as sexton at Lejse in 1804 at an estimated 90 years of age.[1][2]

Early years

Fredrik Nicolai Wiborg was the youngest son of Anders Nielsen Wiborg, who was a major in the Norwegian Army and Commandant of the Kristiansfjeld fortress in Elverum. The settlement of his father’s estate was held on 28 January 1719; he is listed as the youngest of Anders Nielsen Wiborg’s 15 children and 4 years of age at the time. This suggests he was born circa 1714.[2] Sjøvald indicates that in the church records for Lesja it states that “in 1804 ‘Buried sexton FNW who died 17 November & was 96 ¼ years.’ … irrespective of the discrepancy, Fredrik Wiborg lived to become a very old man.“[3]

Anders Nielsen Wiborg died in 1718 and Fredrik was reared by his mother’s brother, minister Johan Cold and by his mother in Romedal (Rømedal) parish. When Fredrik planned to leave the community in 1740, the minister Peter Grüner gave him the following recommendation: "… that he has been for the most part reared by his good maternal uncle, Johan Colds, in his own home and has been thoroughly grounded in the true Christian Doctrine. Since then he has been with his widowed mother in Romedal Sogn. He has been brought up in the fear of God and has led a Christian life. He has shown a good knowledge of those things that are necessary to a man's salvation, especially the Holy Sacraments of which he partook in the head church of Romedal on July 24th…"[4]

From 1740 to 1751 he lived on the Farberg farm in Ringsaker, and served as a teacher[4]. There he promised to teach children Martin Luther’s short catechism, both the catechism and the explanations, as was prescribed to his role as a teacher. He recorded that he was “called to be sexton in Læssøe” in the church record at Ringsaker parish on 19 May 1751.[3]

While in Ringsaker he also served as a lawyer/solicitor’s head clerk in Hedmark, gaining substantial experience because solicitor Barojer was ill. In this role Wiborg gained insight in advising and administering justice and in dispute resolution.[3]

The Lesja years

When the sexton Ola Kring died in Lesja in 1751, Fredrik Nicolai Wiborg was appointed sexton there and was presented to the congregation on the third Sunday following Trinity.[4] In the Lesja Sogn there were three satellite churches - Lesjeverk, Dovre & Folldal. The travel distances were great & it could be very difficult in the winter.[4]

Dovre was an annex to Lesja that was inaugurated in 1740. .Over the choir opening stands Christian VI’s monogram in gold. During restoration of the church in 1954 a secondary painting of the arch was carefully removed together with the original painting, which today is reverently displayed, and the initials FAW were found. These were interpreted as the initials belonging to Fredrik Anderssen Wiborg. But it is certainly unlikely that Wiborg himself painted the arch. A “garnish” that the original had used both gold and silver, and demonstrated an attention to artistic professionalism that a sexton in Lesja scarcely had. But he could very well have taken the initiative to pay for the performance of the work. Around Norwegian churches there are many examples in which the donor of gifts to church embellishments has left his name or initials.[5]

In 1767 Lesja church purchased new bells, for which members of the congregation bore the cost. The largest has a long inscription which indicates that it was cast at Nestane farm in Lesja parish and Fredrik Nicolai Wiborg is named here as one of those who paid for it.[4][6]

Besides performing duties as a sexton, Wiborg was a member of the broader community. Nicolai Christian Lassen’s diary, which was published in 1777, gives insight in its record of a visit with Wiborg at Sili. Lassen indicates that: “In Lossøe parish at the Sili farm the owner, sexton Wiborg has converted a marsh to meadow ground by drainage, where it now grows 6 hayricks of hay. He has built a farm house, under which he set a foundation three yards deep into the earth, and under the walls lay stone drainage passages it drain away the spring water that erodes away the earth. He operated the first stamp mill (for wadmal) in the parish. Several years prior he made an attempt to fire faience ware from a very fine clay, which is found in the vicinity of the main church. Because of the locations great separation from the marketplaces, shipping to the customer was difficult and costly. Besides in the vicinity there is limited wood for burning. Viborg is a witty & skilled farmer who with his children has improved three farms, where he formerly dwelled. He also keeps himself temperate.”[7][8]

After renting for several years he bought the cotter's place Leiren under Kolstad in 1753 for 130 rd. There was clay on the place & Wiborg built a pottery factory. The pottery works was unprofitable and he gave up the pottery works in a few years. Not least important is Lassen’s observation is that there was limited fire wood. Proper types and ample supplies of fuel are critical to all faience production.[9][3]

Most of the firewood was committed to go to the Lesja ironworks or Folldal copper works. The iron works at Lesjaverk was up the valley, 18 km (11 miles) from Sexton Wiborg’s faience works, and would have had a well-established demand for charcoal to fire the smelters there. Iron smelting is recorded at Lesjaverk as early as 1614. Both the Head Pastor and Sexton Wiborg traveled there on Sundays for services. The Folldal works (Folldal Verk) was founded in 1748, when Folldal’s main copper mine, Gammelgruva, opened, along with the supporting smelters. At that time both Lesjaverk and Folldal were part of Lesja municipality and both the Head Pastor and Sexton Wiborg routinely traveled to those churches on Sundays for services as well – to Folldal a distance of 50 km (30 miles) each way. Due to the proximity, the competition for wood/chacoal to fire the furnaces at both locations would have been significant.[10]

Sexton Wiborg registered in 1763 as the representative of the monopoly to provide musicians for the Lesja & Dover areas for playing at weddings, child birth celebrations and other gatherings, where musicians are needed. This right was Marthe Dorthea’s, and the delegation was dated in Christiania on 3 September 1763. Wiborg was to collect an annual fee on behalf of Marthe Meyer from the musicians who played in the Lesja & Dovre region. He exercised that duty, no doubt to earn money as we have no evidence he was a musician.[3]

Later Fredrik built a felting mill (stamp mill) for wadmal-style woolens.[4]

He sold Leiren in 1770 and purchased half of Sili. Later, in 1788, he purchased the other half.[4] Together with his son Anders he improved the farm, building new out-houses and a two-storied dwelling.[4].[11]

When on the 4th Sunday in Advent in 1785 Peder Jordhøy was appointed pastor by the provost, he appointed Frederik and his son Anders Johan Wiborg as joint sextons in Lesja (with Anders to serve as successor). Fredrik was often asked to serve as a guardian for minors, representing their interests at probates.[4]

Controversy

Ivar Kleiven, in his book "Lesja & Dovre" criticized the Wiborg family as promoting law suits and community disputes.(Berg) Kleiven also indicates that Fredrik’s son, Anders, who become sexton after Fredric had a fondness for alcohol which did not sit well with the new Priest Pedar Alstrup Jordhøy.[12]

Kleiven based some of his comments on Jakob Olsen Sønstebø’s diary, which he quotes as including several stories critical of one of the Wiborg sextons (probably focused on Fredrik’s son, Andrew). One quote goes, “When he and the sexton were in Folldal the Priest Pedar Alstrup Jordhøy kept a good pace so the sexton wouldn't have time to find something to drink before they moved on. They always took a rest at Synstbø before they took to the mountains, and at that farm the priest had forbidden the residents to let Wiborg have any strong drink to go. But the fox is not easy to shepherd, as they've said from old, every time those two were well in the sleigh or cariole and about to drive from the farm, the sexton had forgotten something in the house, his pipe, whip or mittens which he just had to go back for. And in the cabinet the bottle stood full so the woman could hurriedly pour a drink for the sexton.”[13][12]

In his article, Per Berg observes that people often have something to say about recent arrivals in the community and it usually is not favorable. Berg points out that Frederik Wiborg represented Madam Meyer who held the concession to provide music for wedding and other festivities in Northern Gudbrandsdal, and on her behalf was active in prosecuting musicians who played without paying her fee. However Berg indicates there is no record of other types of cases; and suggests Kleiven must have been referring to Procurator Anders Wiborg, a relative, who brought many such suits in Lom.[4]

Referansar

  1. Berg, Per: Ei Wiborg-ættegrein på Lesja 1751 – 1900; Hedmark Slektshistorielags Jubileumsskrift, s 119-126, Hamar, Norway 1964
  2. 2,0 2,1 Morthoff, Bjarne: Romedal Bygdebok, Bind II, s 17-51
  3. 3,0 3,1 3,2 3,3 3,4 Sjøvald, Aase Bay: Fredrik Wiborg, Christian Brøsløw og fajanseproduksjonen på Lesja; Årsskrift for Lesja historielag: 1999
  4. 4,0 4,1 4,2 4,3 4,4 4,5 4,6 4,7 4,8 4,9 Berg, Per: Ei Wiborg-ættegrein på Lesja 1751 – 1900; Hedmark Slektshistorielags Jubileumsskrift, s 119-126, Hamar, Norway 1964
  5. Tallerås, Pål H., Kyrkene i Dovre. Dovre kommune 1978, pages 15 and 17.
  6. Østerås, Otto: Kirkeklokker i bygdesoga, Lesja historielag. Årsskrift 1987, s. 61.
  7. Lassen, Nicolai: Nicolai Christian Lassens Dagbok fra 1777 over en Reise igiennem Guldbrandsdalen; Gudbrandsdalens Historielag 1933
  8. Lassen quote :”Klokker Viborg har udtappet en Mose til Engbund hvorpaa kand avles 6 lӕs Høe, opbygget Gaardens Huuse, under dam set en Grundmur 3 Alen i Jorden og under Muren lagt lagt Steenrender for at bortføre Kildevӕld , som bortskyllede Jorden. Han har opretter den første Stampe-Mølle her i Prӕstegjeldet. For nogle Aar siden gjorde han et ufuldkomment forsøg med at brӕnde Fayance af en meget fiin Leeret, som finds i Mӕngde ved Hoved-Kirken. Stedets lande fraliggenhed fra Kiøbstӕderne for vanskelig og kostbar til at kunde drive verket, desuden er heromkring kun lidet Skog til brӕndsel. Viborg er en vittig (klok) og erfaren Landmand, der ved sit Opbrud har forbedret 3 Gaarde, som han tilforn har bebod. Staar sig kun maadelig."
  9. Kielland , Arnfinn: Bygdebok for Lesja. Bd. 3, s. 300 - 303
  10. Stagg, Frank Noel, The Heart of Norway., George Allen & Unwin, Ltd., 1953
  11. Amundgård, Arne: Lӕrar in Lesja from til ca. 1840; Årbok for Gudbrandsdalen 1967
  12. 12,0 12,1 Wiborg, Geir Steinar: WIBORG. En slektsgren med bakgrunn i det gamle norske bondesamfunnet; Gjøvik 1995
  13. Kleiven, Ivar: Gamal bondekultur i Gudbrandsdalen: Lesja og Dovre. 1923